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			<div style="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt">Windows Impersonation using C#</div>
			<b>By <a href="/script/Articles/list_articles.asp?userid=2851">Marc Merritt</a></b>.
			
			<br /><br /><div style="font-size:12px">An article demonstrating how to use Windows impersonation in your C# code</div>
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			C#<br> Windows, .NET (.NET 1.0, .NET 1.1)<br> Win32, VS (VS.NET2002)<br> Dev<br />
			<span style="padding-right:2ex">Posted</span>: <b>30 Apr 2003</b><br />
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<ul class="download">
<li><a href="CpImpersonation1/Impersonate_demo.zip">Download demo project - 8.32 KB </a>
</ul>
<p><img src="CpImpersonation1/Impersonate.gif" alt="Impersonation" width="320" height="216"></p>
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>I've been a member of the CodeProject for over 3 years now, and 
still haven't contributed any articles - until now.</p>
<p>While designing a Windows Forms-based application, to administrate containers in 
our Active Directory, I needed a way to allow binding to the AD using alternate 
credentials. Windows impersonation was the answer. This sample app demonstrates 
how to use unmanaged code by calling <code lang=cs>LogonUser()</code> contained within the 
<i>advapi32.dll</i>, and pass a token handle back to your .NET application using <code lang=cs>WindowsImpersonationContext</code>.</p>
<p>One of the downfalls to the <code lang=cs>LogonUser</code><code lang=cs>()</code>function is that the password get 
passed in clear-text.</p>
<h2>Partial&nbsp;Source Code</h2>
<pre lang="cs"><span class='cs-keyword'>using</span> System.Runtime.InteropServices; <span class='cs-comment'>// DllImport</span>
<span class='cs-keyword'>using</span> System.Security.Principal; <span class='cs-comment'>// WindowsImpersonationContext</span>
<span class='cs-keyword'>using</span> System.Security.Permissions; <span class='cs-comment'>// PermissionSetAttribute</span>
...

<span class='cs-keyword'>public</span> WindowsImpersonationContext 
    ImpersonateUser(<span class='cs-keyword'>string</span> sUsername, <span class='cs-keyword'>string</span> sDomain, <span class='cs-keyword'>string</span> sPassword)
{
    <span class='cs-comment'>// initialize tokens</span>
    IntPtr pExistingTokenHandle = <span class='cs-keyword'>new</span> IntPtr(<span class='cs-literal'>0</span>);
    IntPtr pDuplicateTokenHandle = <span class='cs-keyword'>new</span> IntPtr(<span class='cs-literal'>0</span>);
    pExistingTokenHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
    pDuplicateTokenHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
    
    <span class='cs-comment'>// if domain name was blank, assume local machine</span>
    <span class='cs-keyword'>if</span> (sDomain == <span class='cpp-string'>""</span>)
        sDomain = System.Environment.MachineName;

    <span class='cs-keyword'>try</span>
    {
        <span class='cs-keyword'>string</span> sResult = <span class='cs-keyword'>null</span>;

        <span class='cs-keyword'>const</span> <span class='cs-keyword'>int</span> LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT = <span class='cs-literal'>0</span>;

        <span class='cs-comment'>// create token</span>
        <span class='cs-keyword'>const</span> <span class='cs-keyword'>int</span> LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE = <span class='cs-literal'>2</span>;
        <span class='cs-comment'>//const int SecurityImpersonation = 2;</span>

        <span class='cs-comment'>// get handle to token</span>
        <span class='cs-keyword'>bool</span> bImpersonated = LogonUser(sUsername, sDomain, sPassword, 
            LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE, LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT, 
                <span class='cs-keyword'>ref</span> pExistingTokenHandle);

        <span class='cs-comment'>// did impersonation fail?</span>
        <span class='cs-keyword'>if</span> (<span class='cs-keyword'>false</span> == bImpersonated)
        {
            <span class='cs-keyword'>int</span> nErrorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
            sResult = <span class='cpp-string'>"LogonUser() failed with error code: "</span> + 
                nErrorCode + <span class='cpp-string'>"\r\n"</span>;

            <span class='cs-comment'>// show the reason why LogonUser failed</span>
            MessageBox.Show(<span class='cs-keyword'>this</span>, sResult, <span class='cpp-string'>"Error"</span>, 
                MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
        }

        <span class='cs-comment'>// Get identity before impersonation</span>
        sResult += <span class='cpp-string'>"Before impersonation: "</span> + 
            WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name + <span class='cpp-string'>"\r\n"</span>;

        <span class='cs-keyword'>bool</span> bRetVal = DuplicateToken(pExistingTokenHandle, 
            (<span class='cs-keyword'>int</span>)SECURITY_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL.SecurityImpersonation, 
                <span class='cs-keyword'>ref</span> pDuplicateTokenHandle);

        <span class='cs-comment'>// did DuplicateToken fail?</span>
        <span class='cs-keyword'>if</span> (<span class='cs-keyword'>false</span> == bRetVal)
        {
            <span class='cs-keyword'>int</span> nErrorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
            <span class='cs-comment'>// close existing handle</span>
            CloseHandle(pExistingTokenHandle); 
            sResult += <span class='cpp-string'>"DuplicateToken() failed with error code: "</span> 
                + nErrorCode + <span class='cpp-string'>"\r\n"</span>;

            <span class='cs-comment'>// show the reason why DuplicateToken failed</span>
            MessageBox.Show(<span class='cs-keyword'>this</span>, sResult, <span class='cpp-string'>"Error"</span>, 
                MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
            <span class='cs-keyword'>return</span> <span class='cs-keyword'>null</span>;
        }
        <span class='cs-keyword'>else</span>
        {
            <span class='cs-comment'>// create new identity using new primary token</span>
            WindowsIdentity newId = <span class='cs-keyword'>new</span> WindowsIdentity
                                        (pDuplicateTokenHandle);
            WindowsImpersonationContext impersonatedUser = 
                                        newId.Impersonate();

            <span class='cs-comment'>// check the identity after impersonation</span>
            sResult += <span class='cpp-string'>"After impersonation: "</span> + 
                WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name + <span class='cpp-string'>"\r\n"</span>;
            
            MessageBox.Show(<span class='cs-keyword'>this</span>, sResult, <span class='cpp-string'>"Success"</span>, 
                MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
            <span class='cs-keyword'>return</span> impersonatedUser;
        }
    }
    <span class='cs-keyword'>catch</span> (Exception ex)
    {
        <span class='cs-keyword'>throw</span> ex;
    }
    <span class='cs-keyword'>finally</span>
    {
        <span class='cs-comment'>// close handle(s)</span>
        <span class='cs-keyword'>if</span> (pExistingTokenHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
            CloseHandle(pExistingTokenHandle);
        <span class='cs-keyword'>if</span> (pDuplicateTokenHandle != IntPtr.Zero) 
            CloseHandle(pDuplicateTokenHandle);
    }
}
</pre>
<h2>Points of Interest</h2>
<p>This code won't work on Windows 98 or ME because they do not utilize user tokens. Code 
was built and run using Visual Studio.NET 2002 on Windows XP Service Pack 1.</p>
<p>One of the other uses for this code I've found is, for instantiating COM components 
that must run in an alternate security context to that of the logged-on user.</p>
<p>If anyone has a more secure method of achieving the same thing, please let me know.</p>
<H2>History</H2>
<ul>
<li>Version 1.0 - 04.25.03 - First release version</li>
</ul>

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<h2>About Marc Merritt</h2>
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<td width='100%'><h2>Other popular C# Programming articles:</h2><ul><li><a href="/csharp/zedgraph.asp">A flexible charting library for .NET</a><div class="smallText">Looking for a way to draw 2D line graphs with C#? Here's yet another charting class library with a high degree of configurability, that is also easy to use.</div></li><li><a href="/csharp/csppleds.asp">I/O Ports Uncensored - 1 - Controlling LEDs (Light Emiting Diodes) with Parallel Port</a><div class="smallText">Controlling LEDs (Light Emiting Diodes) with Parallel Port</div></li><li><a href="/csharp/cspplcds.asp">I/O Ports Uncensored Part 2 - Controlling LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays) and VFDs (Vacuum Fluorescent  Displays) with Parallel Port</a><div class="smallText">Controlling LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays) and VFDs (Vacuum Fluorescent Displays) with Parallel Port</div></li><li><a href="/csharp/AsyncMethodInvocation.asp">Asynchronous Method Invocation</a><div class="smallText">How to use .NET to call methods in a non-blocking mode.</div></li></ul></td>
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</td></tr></form><tr bgcolor=#FBEDBB><td><a name=xx0xx></a><table border=0 cellpadding=2 width=100% bgcolor=#FBEDBB><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=messagetitle>Msgs 1 to 25 of 30 (Total: 30) (<a href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0'>Refresh</a>)</td><td align=right nowrap><font class=messagetitle>[First] [Prev] [<a href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&fr=26'>Next</a>] [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] </font></td></tr></table>
</td></tr><tr bgcolor=white><td><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%' border=0><tr><td width='70%' colspan=2 bgcolor=#FBEDBB><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 width='100%'><tr><td class=messagetitle>Subject&nbsp;</td></tr></table></td><td width=140 bgcolor=#FBEDBB><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=1></td></tr><tr><td class=messagetitle>Author&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=1></td></tr></table></td><td width='12%' bgcolor=#FBEDBB><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=1></td></tr><tr><td align=right class=messagetitle>Date&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=1></td></tr></table></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=5></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=1609650_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx1609650xx'></a><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=1609650 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=1609650#xx1609650xx'><b>Error 1314</b></a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=3247679'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle ><b>m.aldegheri</b>&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle ><b>12:28 3 Aug '06</b>&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=1610781_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx1610781xx'></a><img height=1 width=18 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=1610781 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=1610781#xx1610781xx'>Re: Error 1314</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=3247679'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >m.aldegheri&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >4:23 4 Aug '06&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=1984551_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx1984551xx'></a><img height=1 width=36 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=1984551 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=1984551#xx1984551xx'>Re: Error 1314</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=580047'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >MunkieFish&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >13:49 11 Apr '07&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=1986869_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx1986869xx'></a><img height=1 width=54 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_answer.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=1986869 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=1986869#xx1986869xx'>Re: Error 1314</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=2440325'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >uppals&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >19:06 12 Apr '07&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=5></td></tr><tr height=1><td colspan=4 bgcolor='#ff9900'><img src='/script/images/t.gif' width=1 height=1></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=1552043_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx1552043xx'></a><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle style='color:#AAAAAA;' ><a class=messagetitle style='color:#AAAAAA;'  id=DynMessLink name=1552043 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=1552043#xx1552043xx'><b>how to use this in case of a local account?</b></a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=147685'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle style='color:#AAAAAA;'  ><b>yossof elnaggar</b>&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle style='color:#AAAAAA;'  ><b>2:29 28 Jun '06</b>&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=5></td></tr><tr height=1><td colspan=4 bgcolor='#ff9900'><img src='/script/images/t.gif' width=1 height=1></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=1436061_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx1436061xx'></a><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=1436061 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=1436061#xx1436061xx'><b>First call takes too long</b></a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=2530259'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle ><b>schweeneh</b>&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle ><b>12:04 4 Apr '06</b>&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=1527346_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx1527346xx'></a><img height=1 width=18 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle style='color:#AA0000;' ><a class=messagetitle style='color:#AA0000;'  id=DynMessLink name=1527346 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=1527346#xx1527346xx'>Re: First call takes too long</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=2851'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle style='color:#AA0000;'  >Marc Merritt&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle style='color:#AA0000;'  >8:24 12 Jun '06&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=5></td></tr><tr height=1><td colspan=4 bgcolor='#ff9900'><img src='/script/images/t.gif' width=1 height=1></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=1090915_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx1090915xx'></a><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=1090915 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=1090915#xx1090915xx'><b>A similar article</b></a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=235'><img src='/script/images/sitebuild_icon.gif' title='CodeProject SiteBuilder - Click for Profile' border=0 width=16 height=16></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle ><b>Uwe Keim</b>&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle ><b>5:59 24 Apr '05</b>&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=1740399_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx1740399xx'></a><img height=1 width=18 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=1740399 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=1740399#xx1740399xx'>Re: A similar article</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=417443'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >craigg75&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >11:57 3 Nov '06&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=1740422_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx1740422xx'></a><img height=1 width=36 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=1740422 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=1740422#xx1740422xx'>Re: A similar article</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=235'><img src='/script/images/sitebuild_icon.gif' title='CodeProject SiteBuilder - Click for Profile' border=0 width=16 height=16></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >Uwe Keim&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >12:14 3 Nov '06&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=5></td></tr><tr height=1><td colspan=4 bgcolor='#ff9900'><img src='/script/images/t.gif' width=1 height=1></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=765330_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx765330xx'></a><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=765330 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=765330#xx765330xx'><b>Impersonation</b></a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=69424'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle ><b>chriskoiak</b>&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle ><b>11:13 16 Mar '04</b>&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=1444687_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx1444687xx'></a><img height=1 width=18 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_question.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=1444687 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=1444687#xx1444687xx'>Re: Impersonation</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=2471808'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >tee_jay&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >4:08 11 Apr '06&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=5></td></tr><tr height=1><td colspan=4 bgcolor='#ff9900'><img src='/script/images/t.gif' width=1 height=1></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=490770_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx490770xx'></a><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=490770 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=490770#xx490770xx'><b>Coding Style Issues</b></a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=378764'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle ><b>Andy Neilson</b>&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle ><b>8:56 7 May '03</b>&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=507900_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx507900xx'></a><img height=1 width=18 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=507900 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=507900#xx507900xx'>Re: Coding Style Issues</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=2939'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >Maximilian Hänel&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >18:54 27 May '03&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=508383_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx508383xx'></a><img height=1 width=36 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=508383 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=508383#xx508383xx'>Re: Coding Style Issues</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=378764'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >Andy Neilson&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >8:53 28 May '03&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=508560_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx508560xx'></a><img height=1 width=54 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=508560 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=508560#xx508560xx'>Re: Coding Style Issues</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=2939'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >Maximilian Hänel&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >10:56 28 May '03&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=648018_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx648018xx'></a><img height=1 width=72 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=648018 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=648018#xx648018xx'>Just to complete this</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=62014'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >Jahava&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >10:53 25 Oct '03&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=648113_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx648113xx'></a><img height=1 width=90 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=648113 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=648113#xx648113xx'>Re: Just to complete this</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=2851'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >Marc Merritt&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >14:42 25 Oct '03&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=649307_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx649307xx'></a><img height=1 width=100 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=649307 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=649307#xx649307xx'>What an attitude...</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=62014'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >Jahava&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >11:08 27 Oct '03&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=649360_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx649360xx'></a><img height=1 width=110 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=649360 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=649360#xx649360xx'>Re: What an attitude...</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=2851'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >Marc Merritt&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >11:46 27 Oct '03&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=649854_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx649854xx'></a><img height=1 width=120 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle style='color:#AA0000;' ><a class=messagetitle style='color:#AA0000;'  id=DynMessLink name=649854 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=649854#xx649854xx'>It's cool</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=62014'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle style='color:#AA0000;'  >Jahava&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle style='color:#AA0000;'  >19:45 27 Oct '03&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=5></td></tr><tr height=1><td colspan=4 bgcolor='#ff9900'><img src='/script/images/t.gif' width=1 height=1></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=489822_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx489822xx'></a><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=489822 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=489822#xx489822xx'><b>Error messages</b></a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=2939'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle ><b>Maximilian Hänel</b>&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle ><b>7:24 6 May '03</b>&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=507871_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx507871xx'></a><img height=1 width=18 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=507871 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=507871#xx507871xx'>Re: Error messages</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=409529'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >Haidong Chen&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >18:15 27 May '03&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=507874_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx507874xx'></a><img height=1 width=36 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=507874 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=507874#xx507874xx'>Re: Error messages</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=409529'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >Haidong Chen&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >18:17 27 May '03&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=6></td></tr><tr bgcolor='#FEF9E7' id=507894_h0><td width='70%'><table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width='100%'><tr><td bgcolor=white><a name='xx507894xx'></a><img height=1 width=54 src='/script/images/ind.gif'><img align=absmiddle src='/script/images/news_general.gif'>&nbsp;</td>
<td width='100%' class=messagetitle><a class=messagetitle id=DynMessLink name=507894 href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&select=507894#xx507894xx'>Re: Error messages</a></td></tr></table></td><td valign=bottom nowrap><a href='/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=2939'><img src='/script/images/userinfo.gif' title='Click for User Profile' border=0 width=14 height=15></a>&nbsp;</td><td width='140' nowrap><font class=messagetitle >Maximilian Hänel&nbsp;</font></td><td nowrap align=right width='12%'><font class=messagetitle >18:47 27 May '03&nbsp;</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4><img src='/script/images/t.gif' border=0 width=1 height=5></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr bgcolor=#FBEDBB><td><table width='100%' cellpadding=2><tr><td class=messagetitle>Last Visit: 12:58 Tuesday 17th April, 2007</td><td align=right nowrap><font class=messagetitle>[First] [Prev] [<a href='/csharp/cpimpersonation1.asp?df=100&forumid=15321&exp=0&fr=26'>Next</a>] [&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;] </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>
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Updated: 30 Apr 2003
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